BASIC FIRST AID

Every year many accidents occur. With some care, they can be prevented. In case an accident does happen, you can be of help if you know Basic First Aid. You will able to give vital first aid if needed. Remember always to seek help an adult immediately.
Do not move the casualty unnecessarily. Keep him warm. Make a diagnosis, decide the treatment and treat. Remember the ABC of First Aid: See if his airways are clear, that he is breathing, and his blood circulation patent.
RESPIRATION
If it is failing, give artificial respiration – Mouth to Mouth of Mouth to Nose.

BLEEDING
Arrest the bleeding and protect the wound. Apply direct or indirect pressure. Cover with a dressing. Apply a pad and firm bandages. Elevate, keep at rest.

FRACTURES
Immobilize it with a well padded stiff support reaching the joints on either side. Apply bandages on either side of the side and at the joints on either side, support.

BURNS AND SCALDS
A burn is caused by dry heat and scald by moist heat like stream, very hot water of oil. Immediately cool the area with cold water for 15 min. till pain subsides. Do not break blisters, or apply anything on the burns. Cover with a sterile or clean cloth, pad and bandages. Give fluids.

NOSE BLEEDING
Sit him up facing the breeze with the head slightly forward. Ask him to breath through the mouth and not to blow his nose. Apply a cold compress over the nose. The soft part of the nose may be pinched close with the fingers for 10 min. cold application on the back of the neck and forehead may help.

BEE STING
Do not press the bag (of the sting) Use forceps and remove the sting. Apply cold or weak ammonia.

ANIMAL BITES
Wash with soap and plenty of water. Loose bandage may be applied. Get quick medical aid.

FAINTING
Lay him down and loosen the clothing around chest and waist. Turn head to one side. The legs may be raised a little do not attempt to give any solids or liquids. On recovery a small quantity of a drink may be given and he/she may be allowed to sit up and move after rest.

GENERAL
If you are in doubt the treatment do not do anything. You may be more harm.

Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (previously known as insulin-dependent diabetes)

Type 1 diabetes is an auto-immune disease where the body's immune system destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This type of diabetes, also known as juvenile-onset diabetes, accounts for 10-15% of all people with the disease. It can appear at any age, although commonly under 40, and is triggered by environmental factors such as viruses, diet or chemicals in people genetically predisposed. People with type 1 diabetes must inject themselves with insulin several times a day and follow a careful diet and exercise plan.

Type 2 diabetes (previously known as non-insulin dependent diabetes)

Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, affecting 85-90% of all people with the disease. This type of diabetes, also known as late-onset diabetes, is characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. The disease is strongly genetic in origin but lifestyle factors such as excess weight, inactivity, high blood pressure and poor diet are major risk factors for its development. Symptoms may not show for many years and, by the time they appear, significant problems may have developed. People with type 2 diabetes are twice as likely to suffer cardiovascular disease. Type 2 diabetes may be treated by dietary changes, exercise and/or tablets. Insulin injections may later be required.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

GDM, or carbohydrate intolerance, is first diagnosed during pregnancy through an oral glucose tolerance test. Between 5.5 and 8.8% of pregnant women develop GDM in Australia. Risk factors for GDM include a family history of diabetes, increasing maternal age, obesity and being a member of a community or ethnic group with a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. While the carbohydrate intolerance usually returns to normal after the birth, the mother has a significant risk of developing permanent diabetes while the baby is more likely to develop obesity and impaired glucose tolerance and/or diabetes later in life. Self-care and dietary changes are essential in treatment.

Diabetic Neuropathy Symptoms

Diabetic neuropathy symptoms are a common complication of diabetes linked with nerve damage and you can feel the sensation of pain. Diabetic nerve damage causes pain and they seem to be related to high blood glucose levels are too high; there are several ways of developing this. Diabetes-related nerve damage can be painful, but in most cases, the pain is not severe.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy

The feet and legs of the body area affected by diabetic peripheral neuropathy the most common. Foot nerve damage increases the risk of foot problems

Gestational Diabetes Symptoms
Gestational diabetes symptoms are the only way to note the first type of diabetes known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. It is therefore something that often starts at the time of early conception. Hyperglycemia and insulin, is a pancreatic hormone that is released when there is need for Glucose in the body
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Glucose is a molecule that requires massive help for the use of their cell type. It is insulin that helps them, insulin acts on the cell membrane if it is wide open enough for glucose to enter and saturate it. Insulin deficiency causes the accumulation of Glucose in the blood and this can occur with a thick cell membranes.

Diabetes Insipid us Symptoms

Diabetes insipidus symptoms (DI) are the amount of urine that builds up frequently in this disease and there is an abnormal increase in thirst and fluid intake as well. It is also a state that causes frequent urination, nocturia (awakening at night to urinate frequently) and enuresis (urinary incontinence and sleep “bedwetting”).It is not usually been over look and intake is increased to compensate for the increasing level of urine output. As a result, instead of being yellow, the urine is colorless and has a pale appearance or water like look the symptom is measured for concentrations.